porter/cli/cmd/commands/app.go

package commands

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/base64"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/fatih/color"
	api "github.com/porter-dev/porter/api/client"
	"github.com/porter-dev/porter/api/types"
	"github.com/porter-dev/porter/cli/cmd/commands/flags"
	"github.com/porter-dev/porter/cli/cmd/config"
	"github.com/porter-dev/porter/cli/cmd/utils"
	v2 "github.com/porter-dev/porter/cli/cmd/v2"
	appV2 "github.com/porter-dev/porter/internal/porter_app/v2"
	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
	batchv1 "k8s.io/api/batch/v1"
	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	rbacv1 "k8s.io/api/rbac/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/fields"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/util/term"

	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/remotecommand"
)

var (
	appContainerName     string
	appCpuMilli          int
	appExistingPod       bool
	appInteractive       bool
	appMemoryMi          int
	appNamespace         string
	appTag               string
	appVerbose           bool
	appWait              bool
	deploymentTargetName string
	jobName              string
)

const (
	// CommandPrefix_CNB_LIFECYCLE_LAUNCHER is the prefix for the container start command if the image is built using heroku buildpacks
	CommandPrefix_CNB_LIFECYCLE_LAUNCHER = "/cnb/lifecycle/launcher"
	// CommandPrefix_LAUNCHER is a shortened form of the above
	CommandPrefix_LAUNCHER = "launcher"
)

func registerCommand_App(cliConf config.CLIConfig) *cobra.Command {
	appCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "app",
		Short: "Runs a command for your application.",
	}

	appCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(
		&deploymentTargetName,
		"target",
		"x",
		"",
		"the name of the deployment target for the app",
	)

	appBuildCommand := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "build [application]",
		Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
		Short: "Builds your application.",
		Long: fmt.Sprintf(`
  %s

Builds a new version of the specified app. Attempts to use any build settings
previously configured for the app, which can be overridden with flags.

If you would like to change the build context, you can do so by using the --build-context flag:

  %s

When using "--method docker", you can specify the path to the Dockerfile using the
--dockerfile flag. This will also override the Dockerfile path that you may have linked
for the application:

  %s

To use buildpacks with the "--method pack" flag, you can specify the builder and attach
buildpacks using the --builder and --attach-buildpacks flags:

	%s
`,
			color.New(color.FgBlue, color.Bold).Sprintf("Help for \"porter app build\":"),
			color.New(color.FgGreen, color.Bold).Sprintf("porter app build example --build-context ./app"),
			color.New(color.FgGreen, color.Bold).Sprintf("porter app build example-app --method docker --dockerfile ./prod.Dockerfile"),
			color.New(color.FgGreen, color.Bold).Sprintf("porter app build example-app --method pack --builder heroku/buildpacks:20 --attach-buildpacks heroku/nodejs"),
		),
		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
			return checkLoginAndRunWithConfig(cmd, cliConf, args, appBuild)
		},
	}
	flags.UseAppBuildFlags(appBuildCommand)
	appBuildCommand.PersistentFlags().String(
		flags.App_ImageTag,
		"",
		"set the image tag to use for the build",
	)
	appCmd.AddCommand(appBuildCommand)

	// appRunCmd represents the "porter app run" subcommand
	appRunCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "run [application] -- COMMAND [args...]",
		Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
		Short: "Runs a command inside a connected cluster container.",
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			err := checkLoginAndRunWithConfig(cmd, cliConf, args, appRun)
			if err != nil {
				os.Exit(1)
			}
		},
	}
	appRunFlags(appRunCmd)
	appCmd.AddCommand(appRunCmd)

	// appRunCleanupCmd represents the "porter app run cleanup" subcommand
	appRunCleanupCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "cleanup",
		Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
		Short: "Delete any lingering ephemeral pods that were created with \"porter app run\".",
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			err := checkLoginAndRunWithConfig(cmd, cliConf, args, appCleanup)
			if err != nil {
				os.Exit(1)
			}
		},
	}
	appRunCmd.AddCommand(appRunCleanupCmd)

	// appUpdateTagCmd represents the "porter app update-tag" subcommand
	appUpdateTagCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "update-tag [application]",
		Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
		Short: "Updates the image tag for an application.",
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			err := checkLoginAndRunWithConfig(cmd, cliConf, args, appUpdateTag)
			if err != nil {
				os.Exit(1)
			}
		},
	}

	appUpdateTagCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(
		&appWait,
		"wait",
		"w",
		false,
		"set this to wait and be notified when an update is successful, otherwise time out",
	)

	appUpdateTagCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(
		&appTag,
		"tag",
		"t",
		"",
		"the specified tag to use, default is \"latest\"",
	)
	appCmd.AddCommand(appUpdateTagCmd)

	// appRollback represents the "porter app rollback" subcommand
	appRollbackCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "rollback [application]",
		Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
		Short: "Rolls back an application to the last successful revision.",
		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
			return checkLoginAndRunWithConfig(cmd, cliConf, args, appRollback)
		},
	}
	appCmd.AddCommand(appRollbackCmd)

	// appManifestsCmd represents the "porter app manifest" subcommand
	appManifestsCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "manifests [application]",
		Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
		Short: "Prints the kubernetes manifests for an application.",
		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
			return checkLoginAndRunWithConfig(cmd, cliConf, args, appManifests)
		},
	}
	appCmd.AddCommand(appManifestsCmd)

	return appCmd
}

func appRunFlags(appRunCmd *cobra.Command) {
	appRunCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(
		&appExistingPod,
		"existing_pod",
		"e",
		false,
		"whether to connect to an existing pod (default false)",
	)

	appRunCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(
		&appVerbose,
		"verbose",
		"v",
		false,
		"whether to print verbose output",
	)

	appRunCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(
		&appInteractive,
		"interactive",
		false,
		"whether to run in interactive mode (default false)",
	)

	appRunCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(
		&appWait,
		"wait",
		false,
		"whether to wait for the command to complete before exiting for non-interactive mode (default false)",
	)

	appRunCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVarP(
		&appCpuMilli,
		"cpu",
		"",
		0,
		"cpu allocation in millicores (1000 millicores = 1 vCPU)",
	)

	appRunCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVarP(
		&appMemoryMi,
		"ram",
		"",
		0,
		"ram allocation in Mi (1024 Mi = 1 GB)",
	)

	appRunCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(
		&appContainerName,
		"container",
		"c",
		"",
		"name of the container inside pod to run the command in",
	)

	appRunCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(
		&jobName,
		"job",
		"",
		"name of the job to run (will run the job as defined instead of the provided command, and returns the job run id without waiting for the job to complete or displaying logs)",
	)
}

func appBuild(ctx context.Context, _ *types.GetAuthenticatedUserResponse, client api.Client, cliConfig config.CLIConfig, _ config.FeatureFlags, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	appName := args[0]
	if appName == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("app name must be specified")
	}

	buildValues, err := flags.AppBuildValuesFromCmd(cmd)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	patchOperations := appV2.PatchOperationsFromFlagValues(appV2.PatchOperationsFromFlagValuesInput{
		BuildMethod:  buildValues.BuildMethod,
		Dockerfile:   buildValues.Dockerfile,
		Builder:      buildValues.Builder,
		Buildpacks:   buildValues.Buildpacks,
		BuildContext: buildValues.BuildContext,
	})

	tag, err := cmd.Flags().GetString(flags.App_ImageTag)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("error getting tag: %w", err)
	}

	err = v2.AppBuild(ctx, v2.AppBuildInput{
		CLIConfig:            cliConfig,
		Client:               client,
		AppName:              appName,
		DeploymentTargetName: deploymentTargetName,
		BuildMethod:          buildValues.BuildMethod,
		Dockerfile:           buildValues.Dockerfile,
		Builder:              buildValues.Builder,
		Buildpacks:           buildValues.Buildpacks,
		BuildContext:         buildValues.BuildContext,
		ImageTag:             tag,
		PatchOperations:      patchOperations,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to build app: %w", err)
	}

	return nil
}

func appManifests(ctx context.Context, _ *types.GetAuthenticatedUserResponse, client api.Client, cliConfig config.CLIConfig, _ config.FeatureFlags, _ *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	appName := args[0]
	if appName == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("app name must be specified")
	}

	manifest, err := client.GetAppManifests(ctx, cliConfig.Project, cliConfig.Cluster, appName)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get app manifest: %w", err)
	}

	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(manifest.Base64Manifests)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to decode app manifest: %w", err)
	}

	_, err = os.Stdout.WriteString(string(decoded))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write app manifest: %w", err)
	}

	return nil
}

func appRollback(ctx context.Context, _ *types.GetAuthenticatedUserResponse, client api.Client, cliConfig config.CLIConfig, _ config.FeatureFlags, _ *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	project, err := client.GetProject(ctx, cliConfig.Project)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not retrieve project from Porter API. Please contact support@porter.run")
	}

	if !project.ValidateApplyV2 {
		return fmt.Errorf("rollback command is not enabled for this project")
	}

	appName := args[0]
	if appName == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("app name must be specified")
	}

	err = v2.Rollback(ctx, v2.RollbackInput{
		CLIConfig: cliConfig,
		Client:    client,
		AppName:   appName,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to rollback app: %w", err)
	}

	return nil
}

func appRun(ctx context.Context, _ *types.GetAuthenticatedUserResponse, client api.Client, cliConfig config.CLIConfig, ff config.FeatureFlags, _ *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	if jobName != "" {
		if !ff.ValidateApplyV2Enabled {
			return fmt.Errorf("job flag is not supported on this project")
		}

		return v2.RunAppJob(ctx, v2.RunAppJobInput{
			CLIConfig:            cliConfig,
			Client:               client,
			DeploymentTargetName: deploymentTargetName,
			AppName:              args[0],
			JobName:              jobName,
			WaitForExit:          appWait,
		})
	}

	if len(args) < 2 {
		return fmt.Errorf("porter app run requires at least 2 arguments")
	}

	execArgs := args[1:]

	color.New(color.FgGreen).Println("Attempting to run", strings.Join(execArgs, " "), "for application", args[0])

	project, err := client.GetProject(ctx, cliConfig.Project)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not retrieve project from Porter API. Please contact support@porter.run")
	}

	var podsSimple []appPodSimple

	// updated exec args includes launcher command prepended if needed, otherwise it is the same as execArgs
	var updatedExecArgs []string
	if project.ValidateApplyV2 {
		podsSimple, updatedExecArgs, namespace, err = getPodsFromV2PorterYaml(ctx, execArgs, client, cliConfig, args[0], deploymentTargetName)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		appNamespace = namespace
	} else {
		appNamespace = fmt.Sprintf("porter-stack-%s", args[0])
		podsSimple, updatedExecArgs, err = getPodsFromV1PorterYaml(ctx, execArgs, client, cliConfig, args[0], appNamespace)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// if length of pods is 0, throw error
	var selectedPod appPodSimple

	if len(podsSimple) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("At least one pod must exist in this deployment.")
	} else if !appExistingPod || len(podsSimple) == 1 {
		selectedPod = podsSimple[0]
	} else {
		podNames := make([]string, 0)

		for _, podSimple := range podsSimple {
			podNames = append(podNames, podSimple.Name)
		}

		selectedPodName, err := utils.PromptSelect("Select the pod:", podNames)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// find selected pod
		for _, podSimple := range podsSimple {
			if selectedPodName == podSimple.Name {
				selectedPod = podSimple
			}
		}
	}

	var selectedContainerName string

	// if --container is provided, check whether the provided container exists in the pod.
	if appContainerName != "" {
		// check if provided container name exists in the pod
		for _, name := range selectedPod.ContainerNames {
			if name == appContainerName {
				selectedContainerName = name
				break
			}
		}

		if selectedContainerName == "" {
			return fmt.Errorf("provided container %s does not exist in pod %s", appContainerName, selectedPod.Name)
		}
	}

	if len(selectedPod.ContainerNames) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("At least one container must exist in the selected pod.")
	} else if len(selectedPod.ContainerNames) >= 1 {
		selectedContainerName = selectedPod.ContainerNames[0]
	}

	config := &KubernetesSharedConfig{
		Client:    client,
		CLIConfig: cliConfig,
	}

	err = config.setSharedConfig(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Could not retrieve kube credentials: %s", err.Error())
	}

	imageName, err := getImageNameFromPod(ctx, config.Clientset, appNamespace, selectedPod.Name, selectedContainerName)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if appExistingPod {
		_, _ = color.New(color.FgGreen).Printf("Connecting to existing pod which is running an image named: %s\n", imageName)
		return appExecuteRun(config, appNamespace, selectedPod.Name, selectedContainerName, updatedExecArgs)
	}

	_, _ = color.New(color.FgGreen).Println("Creating a copy pod using image: ", imageName)

	return appExecuteRunEphemeral(ctx, config, appNamespace, selectedPod.Name, selectedContainerName, updatedExecArgs)
}

func getImageNameFromPod(ctx context.Context, clientset *kubernetes.Clientset, namespace, podName, containerName string) (string, error) {
	pod, err := clientset.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).Get(ctx, podName, metav1.GetOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	for _, container := range pod.Spec.Containers {
		if container.Name == containerName {
			return container.Image, nil
		}
	}

	return "", fmt.Errorf("could not find container %s in pod %s", containerName, podName)
}

func appCleanup(ctx context.Context, _ *types.GetAuthenticatedUserResponse, client api.Client, cliConfig config.CLIConfig, _ config.FeatureFlags, _ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
	config := &KubernetesSharedConfig{
		Client:    client,
		CLIConfig: cliConfig,
	}

	err := config.setSharedConfig(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Could not retrieve kube credentials: %s", err.Error())
	}

	proceed, err := utils.PromptSelect(
		fmt.Sprintf("You have chosen the '%s' namespace for cleanup. Do you want to proceed?", appNamespace),
		[]string{"Yes", "No", "All namespaces"},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if proceed == "No" {
		return nil
	}

	var podNames []string

	color.New(color.FgGreen).Println("Fetching ephemeral pods for cleanup")

	if proceed == "All namespaces" {
		namespaces, err := config.Clientset.CoreV1().Namespaces().List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		for _, namespace := range namespaces.Items {
			if pods, err := appGetEphemeralPods(ctx, namespace.Name, config.Clientset); err == nil {
				podNames = append(podNames, pods...)
			} else {
				return err
			}
		}
	} else {
		if pods, err := appGetEphemeralPods(ctx, appNamespace, config.Clientset); err == nil {
			podNames = append(podNames, pods...)
		} else {
			return err
		}
	}

	if len(podNames) == 0 {
		color.New(color.FgBlue).Println("No ephemeral pods to delete")
		return nil
	}

	selectedPods, err := utils.PromptMultiselect("Select ephemeral pods to delete", podNames)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	for _, podName := range selectedPods {
		_, _ = color.New(color.FgBlue).Printf("Deleting ephemeral pod: %s\n", podName)

		err = config.Clientset.CoreV1().Pods(appNamespace).Delete(
			ctx, podName, metav1.DeleteOptions{},
		)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func appGetEphemeralPods(ctx context.Context, namespace string, clientset *kubernetes.Clientset) ([]string, error) {
	var podNames []string

	pods, err := clientset.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).List(
		ctx, metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: "porter/ephemeral-pod"},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	for _, pod := range pods.Items {
		podNames = append(podNames, pod.Name)
	}

	return podNames, nil
}

// KubernetesSharedConfig allows for interacting with a kubernetes cluster
type KubernetesSharedConfig struct {
	Client     api.Client
	RestConf   *rest.Config
	Clientset  *kubernetes.Clientset
	RestClient *rest.RESTClient
	CLIConfig  config.CLIConfig
}

func (p *KubernetesSharedConfig) setSharedConfig(ctx context.Context) error {
	pID := p.CLIConfig.Project
	cID := p.CLIConfig.Cluster

	kubeResp, err := p.Client.GetKubeconfig(ctx, pID, cID, p.CLIConfig.Kubeconfig)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	kubeBytes := kubeResp.Kubeconfig

	cmdConf, err := clientcmd.NewClientConfigFromBytes(kubeBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	restConf, err := cmdConf.ClientConfig()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	restConf.GroupVersion = &schema.GroupVersion{
		Group:   "api",
		Version: "v1",
	}

	restConf.NegotiatedSerializer = runtime.NewSimpleNegotiatedSerializer(runtime.SerializerInfo{})

	p.RestConf = restConf

	clientset, err := kubernetes.NewForConfig(restConf)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	p.Clientset = clientset

	restClient, err := rest.RESTClientFor(restConf)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	p.RestClient = restClient

	return nil
}

type appPodSimple struct {
	Name           string
	ContainerNames []string
}

func appGetPodsV1PorterYaml(ctx context.Context, cliConfig config.CLIConfig, client api.Client, namespace, releaseName string) ([]appPodSimple, bool, error) {
	pID := cliConfig.Project
	cID := cliConfig.Cluster

	var containerHasLauncherStartCommand bool

	resp, err := client.GetK8sAllPods(ctx, pID, cID, namespace, releaseName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, containerHasLauncherStartCommand, err
	}

	if resp == nil {
		return nil, containerHasLauncherStartCommand, errors.New("get pods response is nil")
	}
	pods := *resp

	if len(pods) == 0 {
		return nil, containerHasLauncherStartCommand, errors.New("no running pods found for this application")
	}

	for _, container := range pods[0].Spec.Containers {
		if len(container.Command) > 0 && (container.Command[0] == CommandPrefix_LAUNCHER || container.Command[0] == CommandPrefix_CNB_LIFECYCLE_LAUNCHER) {
			containerHasLauncherStartCommand = true
		}
	}

	res := make([]appPodSimple, 0)

	for _, pod := range pods {
		if pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodRunning {
			containerNames := make([]string, 0)

			for _, container := range pod.Spec.Containers {
				containerNames = append(containerNames, container.Name)
			}

			res = append(res, appPodSimple{
				Name:           pod.ObjectMeta.Name,
				ContainerNames: containerNames,
			})
		}
	}

	return res, containerHasLauncherStartCommand, nil
}

func appGetPodsV2PorterYaml(ctx context.Context, cliConfig config.CLIConfig, client api.Client, porterAppName string, deploymentTargetName string) ([]appPodSimple, string, bool, error) {
	pID := cliConfig.Project
	cID := cliConfig.Cluster
	var containerHasLauncherStartCommand bool

	resp, err := client.PorterYamlV2Pods(ctx, pID, cID, porterAppName, deploymentTargetName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, "", containerHasLauncherStartCommand, err
	}

	if resp == nil {
		return nil, "", containerHasLauncherStartCommand, errors.New("get pods response is nil")
	}
	pods := *resp

	if len(pods) == 0 {
		return nil, "", containerHasLauncherStartCommand, errors.New("no running pods found for this application")
	}

	namespace := pods[0].Namespace

	for _, container := range pods[0].Spec.Containers {
		if len(container.Command) > 0 && (container.Command[0] == CommandPrefix_LAUNCHER || container.Command[0] == CommandPrefix_CNB_LIFECYCLE_LAUNCHER) {
			containerHasLauncherStartCommand = true
		}
	}

	res := make([]appPodSimple, 0)

	for _, pod := range pods {
		if pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodRunning {
			containerNames := make([]string, 0)

			for _, container := range pod.Spec.Containers {
				containerNames = append(containerNames, container.Name)
			}

			res = append(res, appPodSimple{
				Name:           pod.ObjectMeta.Name,
				ContainerNames: containerNames,
			})
		}
	}

	return res, namespace, containerHasLauncherStartCommand, nil
}

func appExecuteRun(config *KubernetesSharedConfig, namespace, name, container string, args []string) error {
	req := config.RestClient.Post().
		Resource("pods").
		Name(name).
		Namespace(namespace).
		SubResource("exec")

	for _, arg := range args {
		req.Param("command", arg)
	}
	req.Param("stdin", "true")
	req.Param("stdout", "true")
	req.Param("tty", "true")
	req.Param("container", container)

	t := term.TTY{
		In:  os.Stdin,
		Out: os.Stdout,
		Raw: true,
	}
	size := t.GetSize()
	sizeQueue := t.MonitorSize(size)

	return t.Safe(func() error {
		exec, err := remotecommand.NewSPDYExecutor(config.RestConf, "POST", req.URL())
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return exec.Stream(remotecommand.StreamOptions{
			Stdin:  os.Stdin,
			Stdout: os.Stdout,
			Stderr: os.Stderr,
			Tty:    true,

			TerminalSizeQueue: sizeQueue,
		})
	})
}

func appExecuteRunEphemeral(ctx context.Context, config *KubernetesSharedConfig, namespace, name, container string, args []string) error {
	existing, err := appGetExistingPod(ctx, config, name, namespace)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	newPod, err := appCreateEphemeralPodFromExisting(ctx, config, existing, container, args)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	podName := newPod.ObjectMeta.Name

	// delete the ephemeral pod no matter what
	defer appDeletePod(ctx, config, podName, namespace) //nolint:errcheck,gosec // do not want to change logic of CLI. New linter error

	_, _ = color.New(color.FgYellow).Printf("Waiting for pod %s to be ready...", podName)
	if err = appWaitForPod(ctx, config, newPod); err != nil {
		color.New(color.FgRed).Println("failed")
		return appHandlePodAttachError(ctx, err, config, namespace, podName, container)
	}

	err = appCheckForPodDeletionCronJob(ctx, config)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// refresh pod info for latest status
	newPod, err = config.Clientset.CoreV1().
		Pods(newPod.Namespace).
		Get(ctx, newPod.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})

	// pod exited while we were waiting.  maybe an error maybe not.
	// we dont know if the user wanted an interactive shell or not.
	// if it was an error the logs hopefully say so.
	if appIsPodExited(newPod) {
		color.New(color.FgGreen).Println("complete!")
		var writtenBytes int64
		writtenBytes, _ = appPipePodLogsToStdout(ctx, config, namespace, podName, container, false)

		if appVerbose || writtenBytes == 0 {
			color.New(color.FgYellow).Println("Could not get logs. Pod events:")
			_ = appPipeEventsToStdout(ctx, config, namespace, podName, container, false) //nolint:errcheck,gosec // do not want to change logic of CLI. New linter error
		}
		return nil
	}
	color.New(color.FgGreen).Println("ready!")

	color.New(color.FgYellow).Println("Attempting connection to the container. If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.")
	req := config.RestClient.Post().
		Resource("pods").
		Name(podName).
		Namespace(namespace).
		SubResource("attach")

	req.Param("stdin", "true")
	req.Param("stdout", "true")
	req.Param("tty", "true")
	req.Param("container", container)

	t := term.TTY{
		In:  os.Stdin,
		Out: os.Stdout,
		Raw: true,
	}
	size := t.GetSize()
	sizeQueue := t.MonitorSize(size)

	if err = t.Safe(func() error {
		exec, err := remotecommand.NewSPDYExecutor(config.RestConf, "POST", req.URL())
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		return exec.Stream(remotecommand.StreamOptions{
			Stdin:  os.Stdin,
			Stdout: os.Stdout,
			Stderr: os.Stderr,
			Tty:    true,

			TerminalSizeQueue: sizeQueue,
		})
	}); err != nil {
		// ugly way to catch no TTY errors, such as when running command "echo \"hello\""
		return appHandlePodAttachError(ctx, err, config, namespace, podName, container)
	}

	if appVerbose {
		color.New(color.FgYellow).Println("Pod events:")
		_ = appPipeEventsToStdout(ctx, config, namespace, podName, container, false) //nolint:errcheck,gosec // do not want to change logic of CLI. New linter error
	}

	return err
}

func appCheckForPodDeletionCronJob(ctx context.Context, config *KubernetesSharedConfig) error {
	// try and create the cron job and all of the other required resources as necessary,
	// starting with the service account, then role and then a role binding

	err := appCheckForServiceAccount(ctx, config)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = appCheckForClusterRole(ctx, config)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = appCheckForRoleBinding(ctx, config)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	namespaces, err := config.Clientset.CoreV1().Namespaces().List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	for _, namespace := range namespaces.Items {
		cronJobs, err := config.Clientset.BatchV1().CronJobs(namespace.Name).List(
			ctx, metav1.ListOptions{},
		)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if namespace.Name == "default" {
			for _, cronJob := range cronJobs.Items {
				if cronJob.Name == "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-cronjob" {
					return nil
				}
			}
		} else {
			for _, cronJob := range cronJobs.Items {
				if cronJob.Name == "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-cronjob" {
					err = config.Clientset.BatchV1().CronJobs(namespace.Name).Delete(
						ctx, cronJob.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{},
					)
					if err != nil {
						return err
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// create the cronjob

	cronJob := &batchv1.CronJob{
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			Name: "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-cronjob",
		},
		Spec: batchv1.CronJobSpec{
			Schedule: "0 * * * *",
			JobTemplate: batchv1.JobTemplateSpec{
				Spec: batchv1.JobSpec{
					Template: v1.PodTemplateSpec{
						Spec: v1.PodSpec{
							ServiceAccountName: "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-service-account",
							RestartPolicy:      v1.RestartPolicyNever,
							Containers: []v1.Container{
								{
									Name:            "ephemeral-pods-manager",
									Image:           "public.ecr.aws/o1j4x7p4/porter-ephemeral-pods-manager:latest",
									ImagePullPolicy: v1.PullAlways,
									Args:            []string{"delete"},
								},
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	_, err = config.Clientset.BatchV1().CronJobs("default").Create(
		ctx, cronJob, metav1.CreateOptions{},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func appCheckForServiceAccount(ctx context.Context, config *KubernetesSharedConfig) error {
	namespaces, err := config.Clientset.CoreV1().Namespaces().List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	for _, namespace := range namespaces.Items {
		serviceAccounts, err := config.Clientset.CoreV1().ServiceAccounts(namespace.Name).List(
			ctx, metav1.ListOptions{},
		)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if namespace.Name == "default" {
			for _, svcAccount := range serviceAccounts.Items {
				if svcAccount.Name == "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-service-account" {
					return nil
				}
			}
		} else {
			for _, svcAccount := range serviceAccounts.Items {
				if svcAccount.Name == "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-service-account" {
					err = config.Clientset.CoreV1().ServiceAccounts(namespace.Name).Delete(
						ctx, svcAccount.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{},
					)
					if err != nil {
						return err
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	serviceAccount := &v1.ServiceAccount{
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			Name: "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-service-account",
		},
	}
	_, err = config.Clientset.CoreV1().ServiceAccounts("default").Create(
		ctx, serviceAccount, metav1.CreateOptions{},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func appCheckForClusterRole(ctx context.Context, config *KubernetesSharedConfig) error {
	roles, err := config.Clientset.RbacV1().ClusterRoles().List(
		ctx, metav1.ListOptions{},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	for _, role := range roles.Items {
		if role.Name == "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-cluster-role" {
			return nil
		}
	}

	role := &rbacv1.ClusterRole{
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			Name: "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-cluster-role",
		},
		Rules: []rbacv1.PolicyRule{
			{
				APIGroups: []string{""},
				Resources: []string{"pods"},
				Verbs:     []string{"list", "delete"},
			},
			{
				APIGroups: []string{""},
				Resources: []string{"namespaces"},
				Verbs:     []string{"list"},
			},
		},
	}
	_, err = config.Clientset.RbacV1().ClusterRoles().Create(
		ctx, role, metav1.CreateOptions{},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func appCheckForRoleBinding(ctx context.Context, config *KubernetesSharedConfig) error {
	bindings, err := config.Clientset.RbacV1().ClusterRoleBindings().List(
		ctx, metav1.ListOptions{},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	for _, binding := range bindings.Items {
		if binding.Name == "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-cluster-rolebinding" {
			return nil
		}
	}

	binding := &rbacv1.ClusterRoleBinding{
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			Name: "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-cluster-rolebinding",
		},
		RoleRef: rbacv1.RoleRef{
			APIGroup: "rbac.authorization.k8s.io",
			Kind:     "ClusterRole",
			Name:     "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-cluster-role",
		},
		Subjects: []rbacv1.Subject{
			{
				APIGroup:  "",
				Kind:      "ServiceAccount",
				Name:      "porter-ephemeral-pod-deletion-service-account",
				Namespace: "default",
			},
		},
	}
	_, err = config.Clientset.RbacV1().ClusterRoleBindings().Create(
		ctx, binding, metav1.CreateOptions{},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func appWaitForPod(ctx context.Context, config *KubernetesSharedConfig, pod *v1.Pod) error {
	var (
		w   watch.Interface
		err error
		ok  bool
	)
	// immediately after creating a pod, the API may return a 404. heuristically 1
	// second seems to be plenty.
	watchRetries := 3
	for i := 0; i < watchRetries; i++ {
		selector := fields.OneTermEqualSelector("metadata.name", pod.Name).String()
		w, err = config.Clientset.CoreV1().
			Pods(pod.Namespace).
			Watch(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{FieldSelector: selector})

		if err == nil {
			break
		}
		time.Sleep(time.Second)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer w.Stop()
	for {
		select {
		case <-time.Tick(time.Second):
			// poll every second in case we already missed the ready event while
			// creating the listener.
			pod, err = config.Clientset.CoreV1().
				Pods(pod.Namespace).
				Get(ctx, pod.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
			if appIsPodReady(pod) || appIsPodExited(pod) {
				return nil
			}
		case evt := <-w.ResultChan():
			pod, ok = evt.Object.(*v1.Pod)
			if !ok {
				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected object type: %T", evt.Object)
			}
			if appIsPodReady(pod) || appIsPodExited(pod) {
				return nil
			}
		case <-time.After(time.Second * 10):
			return errors.New("timed out waiting for pod")
		}
	}
}

func appIsPodReady(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	ready := false
	conditions := pod.Status.Conditions
	for i := range conditions {
		if conditions[i].Type == v1.PodReady {
			ready = pod.Status.Conditions[i].Status == v1.ConditionTrue
		}
	}
	return ready
}

func appIsPodExited(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	return pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodSucceeded || pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodFailed
}

func appHandlePodAttachError(ctx context.Context, err error, config *KubernetesSharedConfig, namespace, podName, container string) error {
	if appVerbose {
		color.New(color.FgYellow).Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %s\n", err)
	}
	color.New(color.FgYellow).Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Could not open a shell to this container. Container logs:")

	var writtenBytes int64
	writtenBytes, _ = appPipePodLogsToStdout(ctx, config, namespace, podName, container, false)

	if appVerbose || writtenBytes == 0 {
		color.New(color.FgYellow).Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Could not get logs. Pod events:")
		_ = appPipeEventsToStdout(ctx, config, namespace, podName, container, false) //nolint:errcheck,gosec // do not want to change logic of CLI. New linter error
	}
	return err
}

func appPipePodLogsToStdout(ctx context.Context, config *KubernetesSharedConfig, namespace, name, container string, follow bool) (int64, error) {
	podLogOpts := v1.PodLogOptions{
		Container: container,
		Follow:    follow,
	}

	req := config.Clientset.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).GetLogs(name, &podLogOpts)

	podLogs, err := req.Stream(
		ctx,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	defer podLogs.Close()

	return io.Copy(os.Stdout, podLogs)
}

func appPipeEventsToStdout(ctx context.Context, config *KubernetesSharedConfig, namespace, name, _ string, _ bool) error {
	// update the config in case the operation has taken longer than token expiry time
	config.setSharedConfig(ctx) //nolint:errcheck,gosec // do not want to change logic of CLI. New linter error

	// creates the clientset
	resp, err := config.Clientset.CoreV1().Events(namespace).List(
		ctx,
		metav1.ListOptions{
			FieldSelector: fmt.Sprintf("involvedObject.name=%s,involvedObject.namespace=%s", name, namespace),
		},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	for _, event := range resp.Items {
		color.New(color.FgRed).Println(event.Message)
	}

	return nil
}

func appGetExistingPod(ctx context.Context, config *KubernetesSharedConfig, name, namespace string) (*v1.Pod, error) {
	return config.Clientset.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).Get(
		ctx,
		name,
		metav1.GetOptions{},
	)
}

func appDeletePod(ctx context.Context, config *KubernetesSharedConfig, name, namespace string) error {
	// update the config in case the operation has taken longer than token expiry time
	config.setSharedConfig(ctx) //nolint:errcheck,gosec // do not want to change logic of CLI. New linter error

	err := config.Clientset.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).Delete(
		ctx,
		name,
		metav1.DeleteOptions{},
	)
	if err != nil {
		color.New(color.FgRed).Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Could not delete ephemeral pod: %s\n", err.Error())
		return err
	}

	color.New(color.FgGreen).Println("Sucessfully deleted ephemeral pod")

	return nil
}

func appCreateEphemeralPodFromExisting(
	ctx context.Context,
	config *KubernetesSharedConfig,
	existing *v1.Pod,
	container string,
	args []string,
) (*v1.Pod, error) {
	newPod := existing.DeepCopy()

	// only copy the pod spec, overwrite metadata
	newPod.ObjectMeta = metav1.ObjectMeta{
		Name:      strings.ToLower(fmt.Sprintf("%s-copy-%s", existing.ObjectMeta.Name, utils.String(4))),
		Namespace: existing.ObjectMeta.Namespace,
	}

	newPod.Status = v1.PodStatus{}

	// set restart policy to never
	newPod.Spec.RestartPolicy = v1.RestartPolicyNever

	// change the command in the pod to the passed in pod command
	cmdRoot := args[0]
	cmdArgs := make([]string, 0)

	// annotate with the ephemeral pod tag
	newPod.Labels = make(map[string]string)
	newPod.Labels["porter/ephemeral-pod"] = "true"

	if len(args) > 1 {
		cmdArgs = args[1:]
	}

	for i := 0; i < len(newPod.Spec.Containers); i++ {
		if newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Name == container {
			newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Command = []string{cmdRoot}
			newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Args = cmdArgs
			newPod.Spec.Containers[i].TTY = true
			newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Stdin = true
			newPod.Spec.Containers[i].StdinOnce = true

			var newCpu int
			if appCpuMilli != 0 {
				newCpu = appCpuMilli
			} else if newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Resources.Requests.Cpu() != nil && newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Resources.Requests.Cpu().MilliValue() > 500 {
				newCpu = 500
			}
			if newCpu != 0 {
				newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Resources.Limits[v1.ResourceCPU] = resource.MustParse(fmt.Sprintf("%dm", newCpu))
				newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Resources.Requests[v1.ResourceCPU] = resource.MustParse(fmt.Sprintf("%dm", newCpu))

				for j := 0; j < len(newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Env); j++ {
					if newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Env[j].Name == "PORTER_RESOURCES_CPU" {
						newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Env[j].Value = fmt.Sprintf("%dm", newCpu)
						break
					}
				}
			}

			var newMemory int
			if appMemoryMi != 0 {
				newMemory = appMemoryMi
			} else if newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Resources.Requests.Memory() != nil && newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Resources.Requests.Memory().Value() > 1000*1024*1024 {
				newMemory = 1000
			}
			if newMemory != 0 {
				newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Resources.Limits[v1.ResourceMemory] = resource.MustParse(fmt.Sprintf("%dMi", newMemory))
				newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Resources.Requests[v1.ResourceMemory] = resource.MustParse(fmt.Sprintf("%dMi", newMemory))

				for j := 0; j < len(newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Env); j++ {
					if newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Env[j].Name == "PORTER_RESOURCES_RAM" {
						newPod.Spec.Containers[i].Env[j].Value = fmt.Sprintf("%dMi", newMemory)
						break
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// remove health checks and probes
		newPod.Spec.Containers[i].LivenessProbe = nil
		newPod.Spec.Containers[i].ReadinessProbe = nil
		newPod.Spec.Containers[i].StartupProbe = nil
	}

	newPod.Spec.NodeName = ""

	// create the pod and return it
	return config.Clientset.CoreV1().Pods(existing.ObjectMeta.Namespace).Create(
		ctx,
		newPod,
		metav1.CreateOptions{},
	)
}

func appUpdateTag(ctx context.Context, user *types.GetAuthenticatedUserResponse, client api.Client, cliConf config.CLIConfig, featureFlags config.FeatureFlags, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	project, err := client.GetProject(ctx, cliConf.Project)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not retrieve project from Porter API. Please contact support@porter.run")
	}

	if project.ValidateApplyV2 {
		err := v2.UpdateImage(ctx, v2.UpdateImageInput{
			ProjectID:                   cliConf.Project,
			ClusterID:                   cliConf.Cluster,
			AppName:                     args[0],
			DeploymentTargetName:        deploymentTargetName,
			Tag:                         appTag,
			Client:                      client,
			WaitForSuccessfulDeployment: appWait,
		})
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("error updating tag: %w", err)
		}
		return nil
	} else {
		namespace := fmt.Sprintf("porter-stack-%s", args[0])
		if appTag == "" {
			appTag = "latest"
		}
		release, err := client.GetRelease(ctx, cliConf.Project, cliConf.Cluster, namespace, args[0])
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Unable to find application %s", args[0])
		}
		repository, ok := release.Config["global"].(map[string]interface{})["image"].(map[string]interface{})["repository"].(string)
		if !ok || repository == "" {
			return fmt.Errorf("Application %s does not have an associated image repository. Unable to update tag", args[0])
		}
		imageInfo := types.ImageInfo{
			Repository: repository,
			Tag:        appTag,
		}
		createUpdatePorterAppRequest := &types.CreatePorterAppRequest{
			ClusterID:       cliConf.Cluster,
			ProjectID:       cliConf.Project,
			ImageInfo:       imageInfo,
			OverrideRelease: false,
		}

		_, _ = color.New(color.FgGreen).Printf("Updating application %s to build using tag \"%s\"\n", args[0], appTag)

		_, err = client.CreatePorterApp(
			ctx,
			cliConf.Project,
			cliConf.Cluster,
			args[0],
			createUpdatePorterAppRequest,
		)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Unable to update application %s: %w", args[0], err)
		}

		_, _ = color.New(color.FgGreen).Printf("Successfully updated application %s to use tag \"%s\"\n", args[0], appTag)
		return nil
	}
}

func getPodsFromV1PorterYaml(ctx context.Context, execArgs []string, client api.Client, cliConfig config.CLIConfig, porterAppName string, namespace string) ([]appPodSimple, []string, error) {
	podsSimple, containerHasLauncherStartCommand, err := appGetPodsV1PorterYaml(ctx, cliConfig, client, namespace, porterAppName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("could not retrieve list of pods: %s", err.Error())
	}

	if len(execArgs) > 0 && execArgs[0] != CommandPrefix_CNB_LIFECYCLE_LAUNCHER && execArgs[0] != CommandPrefix_LAUNCHER && containerHasLauncherStartCommand {
		execArgs = append([]string{CommandPrefix_CNB_LIFECYCLE_LAUNCHER}, execArgs...)
	}

	return podsSimple, execArgs, nil
}

func getPodsFromV2PorterYaml(ctx context.Context, execArgs []string, client api.Client, cliConfig config.CLIConfig, porterAppName string, deploymentTargetName string) ([]appPodSimple, []string, string, error) {
	podsSimple, namespace, containerHasLauncherStartCommand, err := appGetPodsV2PorterYaml(ctx, cliConfig, client, porterAppName, deploymentTargetName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, "", fmt.Errorf("could not retrieve list of pods: %w", err)
	}

	if len(execArgs) > 0 && execArgs[0] != CommandPrefix_CNB_LIFECYCLE_LAUNCHER && execArgs[0] != CommandPrefix_LAUNCHER && containerHasLauncherStartCommand {
		execArgs = append([]string{CommandPrefix_CNB_LIFECYCLE_LAUNCHER}, execArgs...)
	}

	return podsSimple, execArgs, namespace, nil
}